Global Navigation Satellite System

ABSTRACT

Each of a first and a second navigation satellite system (NSS) are adapted to operate according to a first and a second specification, respectively, and each includes a first and a second plurality of satellite vehicles (SVs), respectively. Each of the first and the second plurality of SVs are adapted to be identified by a first and a second plurality of unique corresponding identifications (IDs), respectively. A processor is adapted to receive and identify a first plurality of corresponding signals transmitted from the first plurality of SVs in response to the first plurality of unique corresponding IDs. The processor is adapted, to receive and identify a second plurality of corresponding signals transmitted from the second plurality of SVs in response to the second plurality of unique corresponding IDs. The processor is adapted to determine position location information in response to receiving and identifying the first plurality of corresponding signals and the second plurality of corresponding signals.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/780,458, FILED ON Jul. 19, 2007, entitled “Global Navigation Satellite System” which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/621,935, filed on Jan. 10, 2007, entitled “Global Navigation Satellite System”, which are assigned to the assignee hereof and are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to communication systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a communication system including a global navigation satellite system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are many different types of technologies employed in calculating the location of mobile stations in wireless networks with various levels of success and accuracy. Assisted-GPS (A-GPS) is a positioning technology that is presently used for locating mobile stations in wireless networks. An A-GPS server provides assistance data to the mobile station in order for it to have a low Time to First Fix (TTFF), to permit weak signal acquisition, and to optimize mobile station battery use. A-GPS is used as a location technology in isolation or hybridized with other positioning technologies that provide range-like measurements.

An A-GPS server provides data to a wireless mobile station that is specific to the approximate location of a mobile station. The assistance data helps the mobile station lock onto satellites quickly, and potentially allows the handset to lock onto weak signals. The mobile station then performs the position calculation or optionally returns the measured code phases to the server to do the calculation. The A-GPS server can make use of additional information such as round-trip timing measurements from a cellular base station to the mobile station in order to calculate a location where it may otherwise not be possible, for example when there are not enough GPS satellites visible.

Advances in satellite-based global positioning system (GPS), timing advance (TA), and terrestrial-based enhanced observed time difference (E-OTD) position fixing technology enable a precise determination of the geographic position (e.g., latitude and longitude) of a mobile station subscriber. As geographic location services are deployed within wireless communications networks, such positional information may be stored in network elements and delivered to nodes in the network using signaling messages. Such information may be stored in SMLCs (Serving Mobile Location Centers), SASs (Stand-Alone SMLCs), PDEs (Position Determining Entities), SLPs (Secure User Plane Location Platforms) and special purpose mobile subscriber location databases.

One example of a special purpose mobile subscriber location database is the SMLC proposed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In particular, 3GPP has defined a signaling protocol for communicating mobile subscriber positional information to and from an SMLC. This signaling protocol is referred to as the Radio Resource LCS (Location Services) protocol, denoted RRLP, and defines signaling messages communicated between a mobile station and an SMLC related to a mobile subscriber's location. A detailed description of the RRLP protocol is found in 3GPP TS 44.031 v7.2.0 (2005-11) 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group GSM Edge Radio Access Network; Location Services (LCS); Mobile Station (MS)-Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC) Radio Resource LCS Protocol (RRLP) (Release 7).

In addition to the United States Global Positioning System (GPS), other Satellite Positioning Systems (SPS), such as the Russian GLONASS system or the proposed European Galileo System may also be used for position location of a mobile station. However, each of the systems operates according to different specifications.

Accordingly, there is a need for a communication system, including a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), which can determine a position location for a mobile station based on satellite signals sent from two or more satellite systems, rather than just one satellite system, to provide further efficiencies and advantages for position location.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention includes a method, an apparatus, and/or a system. The apparatus may include data processing systems, which perform the method, and computer readable media storing executable applications which, when executed on the data processing systems, cause the data processing systems to perform the method.

According to one aspect of the present invention, each of a first and a second global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are adapted to operate according to a first and a second specification, respectively, and each includes a first and a second plurality of satellite vehicles (SV), respectively. Each of the first and the second plurality of SVs are adapted to be identified by a first and a second plurality of unique corresponding identifications (IDs), respectively. A processor is adapted to receive and identify a first plurality of corresponding signals transmitted from the first plurality of SVs in response to the first plurality of unique corresponding IDs. The processor is adapted to receive and identify a second plurality of corresponding signals transmitted from the second plurality of SVs in response to the second plurality of unique corresponding IDs. The processor is adapted to determine position location information in response to receiving and identifying the first plurality of corresponding signals and the second plurality of corresponding signals.

According to other aspects of the present invention, the present invention employs an apparatus, a method, a computer readable memory, and a signal protocol.

These and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Aspects of the present invention are illustrated by way of examples and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers designate corresponding elements.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram representation of a communication system, including a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a cellular system, and a mobile station, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates Table A representing four examples for modifying a radio resource location services protocol (RRLP) position measure request message and a RRLP position measure response message for a present RRLP specification, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method for modifying the present RRLP position measure request message and present RRLP position measure response message in accordance with one of the four examples, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates Table 1 representing the RRLP position measure request message for the present RRLP specification, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates Table 2 representing the RRLP position measure response message for a present RRLP specification, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate Table 3 representing a modified RRLP position measure request message in accordance with example one, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate Table 4 representing a modified RRLP position measure response message in accordance with example one, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate Table 5 representing a modified RRLP position measure request message in accordance with example two, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate Table 6 representing a RRLP position measure response message in accordance with example two, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 14 illustrates Table 7 representing a modified RRLP position measure request message in accordance with example three, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate Table 8 representing a RRLP position measure response message in accordance with example three, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate Table 9 representing a RRLP position measure request message in accordance with example four, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate Table 10 representing a RRLP position measure response message in accordance with example four, according to one aspect of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The following description and drawings are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, in certain instances, well-known or conventional details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description of the present invention. References to one embodiment or an embodiment in the present disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references include one or more embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram representation of a communication system 10, including a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) 11, a cellular system 12, a landline telephone system 13, according to one aspect of the present invention. The GNSS system 11 includes multiple global navigation satellites 14-21, including a first set of satellites 14-17 associated with a first GNSS and a second set of satellites 18-21 associated with a second GNSS. The first and second GNSS may be any two different GNSS, for example, the United States Global Positioning System (GPS) or other Satellite Positioning System (SPS), such as the Russian GLONASS system, or the proposed European Galileo System.

The cellular system 12 includes multiple cellular base stations 22-24 (“base station”), a mobile switching center 25, and a location server, which is otherwise called a position determining entity (PDE) 26. PDE 26 may be a 3GPP SMLC or 3GPP SAS. Each base station 22-24 further includes a base station (BS) transmitter 27, a BS receiver 28, a GPS receiver 29, and a first GNSS receiver (e.g., a GPS receiver) 29, and a second GNSS receiver (e.g., Galileo receiver) 30. The first and second GNSS receivers may be located inside or outside the base stations 22-24. The GPS receiver 29 receives signals from the GPS satellites 14-17. The Galileo receiver 35 receives signals from the Galileo satellites 18-21.

The communication system 10 provides wireless communications for the mobile station 31, and is not limited to cellular, fixed wireless, PCS, or satellite communications systems. The communication system 10 may provide for multiple access communications, in accordance with any standard or protocol, such as, for example, CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, or GSM, or combinations thereof.

The GNSS system 11 is a collection of satellites, such as GPS satellites 14-17 and Galileo satellites 18-21, each of which travels in a predictable orbit above the earth's surface. Each satellite transmits a signal modulated with a pseudo-noise (PN) code unique to the satellite. Each PN code comprises a predetermined number of chips. For example for GPS, the PN code is a sequence of 1,023 chips that is repeated every millisecond. A GPS receiver, such as GPS receiver 24, receives a composite signal comprising a mixture of signals from each of the satellites that are visible to the GPS receiver. A signal detector in the receiver detects a transmission from a particular satellite by determining the degree of correlation between the received signal and shifted versions of the PN code for that satellite. If a peak of sufficient quality in the correlation value for one of the shift offsets is detected, the GPS receiver is considered to have detected the transmission from the satellite.

To perform position location for the mobile station 31 in wireless cellular networks (e.g., cellular system 12), several approaches, for example, to perform a position calculation using a number of geometrically distinct measurements, such as range, pseudorange, round trip delay and others that are associated with distinct reference points (e.g., GPS satellites, pseudolites, base stations, surface of the earth).

One approach, called Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) or Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD), measures at the mobile station 31 the times of arrival of signals transmitted from each of several base stations (e.g., transmissions from base stations 22-24). These times are transmitted to a Position Determination Entity (PDE) (e.g., a location server) 26, which computes the position of the mobile station 31 using these times of reception. The transmit times at these base stations are coordinated such that at a particular instance of time, the times-of-day associated with multiple base stations 22-24 are within a specified error bound. The accurate positions of the base stations 22-24 and the times of reception are used to determining the position of the mobile station 31.

In an AFLT system, the times of reception of signals from the base stations 22-24 are measured at the mobile station 31. This timing data may then be used to compute the position of the mobile station 31. Such computation may be done at the mobile station 31 or at the location server 26, if the timing information so obtained by the mobile station 31 is transmitted to the location server 26 via a communication link. Typically, the times of receptions are communicated to the location server 26 through one of the cellular base stations 22-24. The location server 26 is coupled to receive data from the base stations through the mobile switching center 25. The location server 26 may include a base station almanac (BSA) server, which provides the location of the base stations and/or the coverage area of base stations. Alternatively, the location server 26 and the BSA server may be separate from each other, and the location server 26 communicates with the base station to obtain the base station almanac for position determination. The mobile switching center 25 provides signals (e.g., voice, data, and/or video communications) to and from the landline Public Switched Telephone System (PSTS) 13 so that signals may be conveyed to and from the mobile station 31 to other telephones (e.g., landline phones on the PSTS or other mobile telephones). In some cases, the location server 26 may also communicate with the mobile switching center 25 via a cellular link. The location server 26 may also monitor emissions from several of the base stations 22-24 in an effort to determine the relative timing of these emissions.

In another approach, called Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), the times of reception of a signal from the mobile station 31 is measured at several base stations 22-24. This timing data may then be communicated to the location server 26 to compute the position of the mobile station 31.

Yet a third approach of doing position location involves the use in the mobile station 31 of a receiver for the United States Global Positioning System (GPS) or other Satellite Positioning System (SPS), such as the Russian GLONASS system or the proposed European Galileo System. The GLONASS system primarily differs from GPS system in that the emissions from different satellites are differentiated from one another by utilizing slightly different carrier frequencies, rather than utilizing different pseudorandom codes. In this situation, and with the Galileo system, substantially all the circuitry and algorithms described previously are applicable. The term “GNSS” used herein includes such alternative satellite positioning systems, including the Russian GLONASS system and the proposed European Galileo System.

In the third approach, the GPS receiver 34 estimates its location by detecting transmissions from some of the satellites 14-17. For each detected transmission, the receiver uses the shift in the PN code to estimate the delay (in terms of chips or fractions of chips) between time of transmission and time of arrival. Given the known propagation speed of the positioning signal, the GPS receiver estimates the distance between itself and the satellite. This estimated distance defines a sphere around the satellite. The GPS receiver 34 knows the precise orbits and positions of each of the satellites, and continuously receives updates to these orbits and positions. From this information, the GPS receiver 34 is able to determine its position (and the current time) from the point where the spheres for the four satellites intersect. In combination with or as alternative to the GPS receiver 34, the Galileo receiver 35 may estimate its location by detecting transmissions from at least four of the satellites 18-21.

Although the methods and apparatus of the present invention have been described with reference to GPS satellites, it will be appreciated that the description are equally applicable to positioning systems which utilize pseudolites, or a combination of satellites and pseudolites. Pseudolites are ground-based transmitters, which broadcast a PN code (similar to a GPS signal) modulated on an L-band carrier signal, generally synchronized with GPS time. Each transmitter may be assigned a unique PN code to permit identification by a remote receiver. Pseudolites are useful in situations where GPS signals from an orbiting satellite might be unavailable, such as tunnels, mines, buildings, or other enclosed areas. The term “satellite”, as used herein, is intended to include pseudolites or equivalents of pseudolites, and the term GPS signals, as used herein, are intended to include GPS-like signals from pseudolites or equivalents of pseudolites.

Such a method using a receiver for satellite positioning signals (SPS) may be completely autonomous or may utilize the cellular network to provide assistance data or to share in the position calculation. As shorthand, these various methods are referred to as “GPS.” Examples of such methods are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,945,944; 5,874,914; 6,208,290; 5,812,087; and 5,841,396.

For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,944 describes a method to obtain from cellular phone transmission signals accurate time information, which is used in combination with GPS signals to determine the position of the receiver. U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,914 describes a method to transmit the Doppler frequency shifts of in view satellites to the receiver through a communication link to determine the position of the receiver. U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,914 further describes a method to transmit satellite almanac data (or ephemeris data) to a receiver through a communication link to help the receiver to determine its position. U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,914 also describes a method to lock to a precision carrier frequency signal of a cellular telephone system to provide a reference signal at the receiver for GPS signal acquisition. U.S. Pat. No. 6,208,290 describes a method to use an approximate location of a receiver to determine an approximate Doppler for reducing SPS signal processing time. U.S. Pat. No. 5,812,087 describes a method to compare different records of a satellite data message received at different entities to determine a time at which one of the records is received at a receiver in order to determine the position of the receiver.

In practical low-cost implementations, both the MS receiver 33, the GPS receiver 34, and/or the Galileo receiver 35 are integrated into the same enclosure and, may in fact share common electronic circuitry, such as receiver circuitry and/or antenna.

In yet another variation of the above methods, the round trip delay (RTD) is found for signals that are sent from the base station 22, 23, or 24 to the mobile station 31 and then are returned to the corresponding base station 22, 23, or 24. In a similar but alternative method, the round trip delay is found for signals that are sent from the mobile station 31 to the base station and then returned to the mobile station 31. The round-trip delays are each divided by two to determine an estimate of the one-way time delay. Knowledge of the location of the base station, plus a one-way delay constrains the location of the mobile station 31 to a circle on the earth. Two such measurements from distinct base stations then result in the intersection of two circles, which in turn constrains the location to two points on the earth. A third measurement (even an angle of arrival or cell sector) resolves the ambiguity.

A combination of another position method such as AFLT or TDOA with a GPS system is called a “hybrid” system. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,999,124 describes a hybrid system, in which the position of a cell based transceiver is determined from a combination of at least: i) a time measurement that represents a time of travel of a message in the cell based communication signals between the cell based transceiver and a communication system, and ii) a time measurement that represents a time of travel of an SPS signal.

Altitude aiding has been used in various methods for determining the position of a mobile device. Altitude aiding is typically based on a pseudo-measurement of the altitude. The knowledge of the altitude of a location of a mobile station 31 constrains the possible positions of the mobile station 31 to a surface of a sphere (or an ellipsoid) with its center located at the center of the earth. This knowledge may be used to reduce the number of independent measurements required to determine the position of the mobile station 31. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,061,018 describes a method where an estimated altitude is determined from the information of a cell object, which may be a cell site that has a cell site transmitter in communication with the mobile station 31.

When a minimum set of measurements are available, a unique solution to the navigation equations can be determined for the position of the mobile station 31. When more than one extra measurement is available, the “best” solution may be obtained to best fit all the available measurements (e.g., through a least square solution procedure that minimizes the residual vector of the navigation equations). Since the residual vector is typically non-zero when there are redundant measurements, due to the noises or errors in the measurements, an integrity-monitoring algorithm can be used to determine if all the measurements are consistent with each other.

For example, a traditional Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) algorithm may be used to detect if there is a consistency problem in the set of the redundant measurements. For example, one RAIM algorithm determines if the magnitude of the residual vector for the navigation equations is below a threshold value. If the magnitude of the residual vector is smaller than the threshold, the measurements are considered consistent. If the magnitude of the residual vector is larger than the threshold, there is an integrity problem, in which case one of the redundant measurements that appears to cause the most inconsistency may then be removed to obtain an improved solution.

Multiple cellular base stations 22-24 are typically arranged to cover a geographical area with radio coverage, and these different base stations 22-24 are coupled to at least one mobile switching center 25, as is well known in the prior art. Thus, multiple base stations 22-24 would be geographically distributed, but coupled by a mobile switching center 25. The cellular system 12 may be connected to a network of reference GPS receivers 29, which provide differential GPS information, and may provide GPS ephemeris data for use in calculating the position of mobile stations. The cellular system 12 may be connected to a network of reference Galileo receivers 30, which provide differential Galileo information, and may provide Galileo ephemeris data for use in calculating the position of mobile stations. The cellular system 12 is coupled through a modem or other communication interface, to other computers or network components, and/or to computer systems operated by emergency operators, such as the Public Safety Answering Points, which respond to 911 telephone calls. In IS-95 compliant CDMA systems, each base station or sector 22-24 transmits a pilot signal, which is modulated with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code, which uniquely identifies that base station. For example, for IS-95 compliant CDMA systems, the PN code is a sequence of 32,768 chips, which is repeated every 26.67 mSec.

The location server 26 typically includes communication devices, such as modems or network interface. The location server 26 may be coupled to a number of different networks through communication devices (e.g., modems or other network interfaces). Such networks include the mobile switching center 25 or multiple mobile switching centers, land based phone system switches, cellular base stations 22-24, other GPS signal receivers, other Galileo receiver, or other processors or location servers. Various examples of methods for using a location server 26 have been described in numerous U.S. patents, including: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,841,396, 5,874,914, 5,812,087, and 6,215,442.

The location server 26, which is a form of a data processing system, includes a bus, which is coupled to a microprocessor and a ROM and volatile RAM and a non-volatile memory (each not shown). The processor is coupled to cache memory (not shown). The bus interconnects these various components together. The location server 26 may utilize a non-volatile memory, which is remote from the cellular system 12, such as a network storage device, which is coupled to the data processing system through a network interface such as a modem or Ethernet interface. The bus may include one or more buses connected to each other through various bridges, controllers and/or adapters as are well known in the art. In many situations, the location server 26 may perform its operations automatically without human assistance. In some designs where human interaction is required, an I/O controller (not shown) may communicate with displays, keyboards, and other I/O devices. It will also be appreciated that network computers and other data processing systems which have fewer components or perhaps more components may also be used with the present invention and may act as a location server or a PDE.

A cellular mobile station 31 (“mobile station”) includes a first GNSS receiver (e.g., a GPS receiver) 34, and a second GNSS receiver (e.g., Galileo receiver) 35, a mobile station (MS) transmitter 32, and a mobile station receiver 33. The GPS receiver 34 receives signals from the GPS satellites 14-17. The Galileo receiver 35 receives signals from the Galileo satellites 18-21. The MS transmitter 32 transmits communication signals to the BS receiver 28. The MS receiver 33 receives communication signals from the BS transmitter 27.

Other elements of the mobile station 31, which are not shown in FIG. 1, include, for example, a GPS antenna, a Galileo antenna, a cellular antenna, a processor, a user interface, a portable power supply, and a memory device. The processor further includes a processor port and other mobile functions.

In the mobile station 31, each satellite signal receiving antenna and satellite signal receiver includes circuitry, such as acquisition and tracking circuitry (not shown), for performing the functions required for receiving and processing satellite signals. Satellite signals (e.g., a signal transmitted from one or more satellites 14-17, and/or 18-21) are received through the satellite antenna and input to acquisition and tracking circuit, which acquires the PN (Pseudorandom Noise) codes for the various received satellites. Data produced by circuit (e.g., correlation indicators (not shown)) are processed by the processor, either alone or in combination with other data received from or processed by the cellular system 12, to produce position location data (e.g., latitude, longitude, time, satellites, etc.)

The cellular antenna and a cellular transceiver (e.g., MS transmitter 32 and MS receiver 33) includes circuitry for performing functions required for processing communication signals received and transmitted over a communication link. The communication link is typically a radio frequency communication link to another component, such as one or more base stations 22-24 having communication antenna (not shown).

The cellular transceiver contains a transmit/receive switch (not shown), which routes communication signals (e.g., radio frequency signals) to and from the communication antenna and the cellular transceiver. In some mobile stations, a band splitting filter, or “duplexer,” is used instead of the T/R switch. Received communication signals are input to a communication receiver in the cellular transceiver, and passed to a processor for processing. Communication signals to be transmitted from processor are propagated to a modulator and frequency converter (not shown), each in the transceiver. A power amplifier (not shown) in the cellular transceiver increases the gain of the signal to an appropriate level for transmission to one or more base stations 22-24.

In one embodiment of the mobile station 31, data generated by acquisition and tracking circuitry in the GPS receiver 24 and/or Galileo receiver 35 is transmitted over a communication link (e.g., a cellular channel) to one or more base stations 22-24. The location server 26 then determines the location of mobile station 31 based on the data from one or more satellite receivers 34 and 35, the time at which the data were measured, and ephemeris data received from the base station's own satellite receiver or other sources of such data. The position location data can then be transmitted back to mobile station 31 or to other remote locations. More details about portable receivers utilizing a communication link are disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,914.

The mobile station 31 may contain a user interface (not shown), which may further provide a data input device and a data output device (each not shown).

The data input device typically provides data to a processor in response to receiving input data either manually from a user or automatically from another electronic device. For manual input, the data input device is a keyboard and a mouse, but also may be a touch screen, or a microphone and a voice recognition application, for example.

The data output device typically provides data from a processor for use by a user or another electronic device. For output to a user, the data output device is a display that generates one or more display images in response to receiving the display signals from the processor, but also may be a speaker or a printer, for example. Examples of display images include, for example, text, graphics, video, photos, images, graphs, charts, forms, etc.

The mobile station 31 may also contain a memory device (not shown) representing any type of data storage device, such as computer memory devices or other tangible or computer-readable storage medium, for example. The memory device represents one or more memory devices, located at one or more locations, and implemented as one or more technologies, depending on the particular implementation of the mobile station. In addition, the memory device may be any device readable by a processor and capable of storing data and/or a series of instructions embodying a process. Examples of the memory device include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, PROM, disk (hard or floppy), CD-ROM, DVD, flash memory, etc.

The mobile station 31 may contain a processor (not shown) controlling the operation of the mobile station 31. The other mobile functions in the processor represent any or all other functions of the mobile station 31 that have not already been described herein. Such other mobile functions include, for example, operating the mobile station 31 to permit the mobile station to make telephone calls and communicate data.

The mobile station 31 may contain a portable power supply (not shown), which stores and provides portable electrical energy for the electrical elements of the mobile station 31. Examples of the portable power supply include, but are not limited to, batteries and fuel cells. The portable power supply may be or may not be rechargeable. The portable power supply typically has a limited amount of stored electrical energy, and needs to be replaced or renewed after some amount of use so that the mobile station can continue to operate.

The mobile station 31 may be fixed (i.e., stationary) and/or mobile (i.e., portable). The mobile station 31 may be implemented in a variety of forms including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a workstation, a minicomputer, a mainframe, a supercomputer, a network-based device, a data processor, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart card, a cellular telephone, a pager, and a wristwatch.

Examples of position location applications include an endless variety of applications on land, sea, and air. The scientific community uses GPS for its precision timing capability and position information. Surveyors use GPS for an increasing portion of their work. Recreational uses of position location are almost as varied as the number of recreational sports available. Position location is popular among hikers, hunters, mountain bikers, and cross-country skiers, just to name a few. Anyone who needs to keep track of where he or she is, to find his or her way to a specified location, or know what direction and how fast he or she is going can utilize the benefits of the global positioning system. Position location is now commonplace in vehicles as well. Some basic systems are in place and provide emergency roadside assistance at the push of a button (e.g., by transmitting your current position to a dispatch center). More sophisticated systems also show the vehicle's position on a street map. Currently these systems allow a driver to keep track of where he or she is and suggest the best route to follow to reach a designated location.

Position location is useful for determining the location of cellular phones in an emergency and for location based services. Deployment of cellular position location in the United States is the result of the Federal Communications Commissions' (FCC) Enhanced 9-1-1 mandate. That mandate requires that for network-based solutions: 100 meters accuracy for 67 percent of calls, 300 meters accuracy for 95 percent of calls; for handset-based solutions: 50 meters for 67 percent of calls, 150 meters for 95 percent of calls. When an emergency call is initiated, an emergency services coordination center—Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) will make use of the location that is calculated in the MLC. In Europe and Asia deployment is being driven by Location Based Services (LBS), though requirements for emergency service cellular location have been or are being established in these regions.

Assisted-GNSS (A-GNSS), otherwise called “expanded” or “extended” GNSS (E-GNSS), extends the concept to other satellite navigation systems besides GPS. For example, there may be eighty GNSS satellites orbiting the planet within ten years, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and other satellites, all transmitting a variety of signals based on different standards for each system. This will give a receiver (e.g., either mobile or fixed) access to many more satellites and their transmitting signals, which can improve both accuracy and yield of position location determinations. More satellites means that position accuracy is less susceptible to satellite geometry and provides greater redundancy when doing the position calculation.

A simplified GNSS architecture is shown in FIG. 1. A cellular system 12, or other type of wide area reference network (WARN) is a network of GNSS receivers that are placed geographically over the coverage area of the wireless network. The cellular system 12 collects the broadcast navigation message from the GNSS satellites, and provides it to an A-GNSS server (e.g., PDE 26) for caching. A mobile station 31 makes an emergency call or a service is invoked that requires location and a message is sent to the A-GNSS server. The PDE 26 calculates the GNSS assistance data required using the location of one or more base stations 22-24, as the approximate location and provides it to the mobile station 31.

The different components of an A-GPS server are defined in 3GPP TS 23.271, TS 43.059 and TS 25.305. A Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC) is deployed as part of a wireless network and its purpose is to determine the location of handsets within the network.

The SMLC runs in GSM/GPRS networks and is known as a Standalone SMLC (SAS) in UMTS networks or a SUPL Location Platform (SLP) when supporting different wireless access types with a user plane solution. The SMLC may support all handset-based and network-based wireless position location methods, including A-GPS in both handset-based and handset-assisted versions.

There are several different specifications (i.e., standards) supporting protocols for the A-GPS messaging with the handsets. GSM networks use the RRLP specification. UMTS networks use the Radio Resource Control (RRC) specification. CDMA networks use the TIA IS-801 and 3GPP2 C.S0022 specifications. Each of these specifications specifies different ways of encoding the same basic information, but is specific to the radio technology employed. Although the present description describes examples (i.e., examples) for modifying the RRLP specification, the RRC specification, the IS-801 and C.S0022 specifications or any other specification may be modified to achieve the same or similar effects.

As shown in FIG. 1, the RRLP specification includes a measure position request message 36, which provides positioning instructions and possibly assistance data to the mobile station 31, and a measure position response message 37, which provides the mobile station 31 location-estimate or pseudo-range measurements from the mobile station 31 to the cellular system 12. The RRC specification, the IS-801/C.S0022 specification or any other specification may include request and/or response messages to achieve the same or similar effects.

The present invention includes several example embodiments for modifying a RRLP position measure message that are adaptable for use in one or more types of GNSS. For purposes of the present invention, the following description will focus on four different examples. Nevertheless, other types of modifications to the RRLP position measure message could be made by one skilled in the art that nevertheless derive from the principles set forth in the present application.

The four example modifications are illustrated in Table A, which is shown in FIG. 2. In Table A, the RRLP position measure request message 36 and the RRLP position measure response message 37 are represented in the present RRLP specification in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Example 1 provides a modified RRLP position measure request message and a modified RRLP position measure response message in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Example 2 provides a modified RRLP position measure request message and a modified RRLP position measure response message in Tables 5 and 6, respectively. Example 3 provides a modified RRLP position measure request message and a modified RRLP position measure response message in Tables 7 and 8, respectively. Example 4 provides a modified RRLP position measure request message and a modified RRLP position measure response message in Tables 9 and 10, respectively.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method 38 for modifying the RRLP position measure request message 36 and the RRLP position measure response message 37 for the present RRLP specification in accordance with one of the four examples, according to one aspect of the present invention. At block 50 the method 38 starts. At block 51, the method 38 identifies the RRLP measure position request message 36 (e.g., Table 1). At block 52, the method 38 modifies the RRLP measure position request message 36 (e.g., Table 1) according to Example 1 (e.g., Table 3), Example 2 (e.g., Table 5), Example 3 (e.g., Table 7), or Example 4 (e.g., Table 9). At block 53, the method 38 identifies the RRLP measure position response message 37 (e.g., Table 2). At block 54, the method 38 modifies the RRLP measure position response message 37 (e.g., Table 2) according to Example 1 (e.g., Table 4), Example 2 (e.g., Table 6), Example 3 (e.g., Table 8), or Example 4 (e.g., Table 10).

Each of tables 3, 5, 7, and 9 represent a modified RRLP measure position request message for examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and includes the elements of the present RRLP measure position request message, shown in Table 1, as well as new elements 60 to support a second GNSS system (e.g., Galileo). Each of tables 4, 6, 8, and 10 represent a modified RRLP measure position response message for examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and includes the elements of the present RRLP measure position response message shown in Table 2, as well as new elements 60 for the GNSS system (e.g., Galileo). Reference number 60 generally identifies the new elements in each of Tables 3-10, although the new elements in each of those tables may be different. In each of Tables 3-10, the present elements are listed first followed by the new elements, although this is not a requirement. Therefore, the beginning of each of Tables 3, 5, 7, and 9 are the same as and includes the elements of Table 1, and the beginning of each of Tables 4, 6, 8, and 10 are the same as and includes the elements of Table 2.

Present RRLP Measure Position Request and Response Messages

FIG. 4 illustrates Table 1 representing the RRLP position measure request message 36 for the present RRLP specification, according to one aspect of the present invention. FIG. 5 illustrates Table 2 representing the RRLP position measure response message 37 for a present RRLP specification, according to one aspect of the present invention.

FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate the present RRLP measure position request and response messages, respectively, as presently described in the RRLP specification for assisted-GPS (A-GPS), and indicates changes for the introduction of Galileo into the RRLP specification. The RRLP specification (TS 44.031) is the main GERAN specification, which needs to be modified in order to support Galileo/GNSS. The RRLP specification contains the details of the positioning instructions and assistance data elements.

The RRLP specification includes a measure position request message, which provides positioning instructions and possibly assistance data to the mobile station 31, and a measure position response message, which provides the mobile station 31 location estimate or pseudo-range measurements from the mobile station 31 to the cellular system 12.

The changes needed for the introduction of Galileo/GNSS are summarized in the rightmost column of Tables 1 and 2. A blank entry in the rightmost column indicates that no change is required. The changes shown in the rightmost column are not specific to any particular example (i.e., examples 1-4), and show which existing A-GPS parameters may be reused or may need to be replaced, extended or otherwise modified.

The exemplary modifications to the current RRLP positioning protocols are described in more detail below with reference to the FIGs. Example 1 includes a positioning methodology based on the Galileo satellite system. Example 2 includes a genericized GNSS location method that encapsulate the details of the various constellations (GPS, Galileo, and potential future satellite navigation or augmentation systems) in new GNSS information elements. Example 3 includes a GNSS location methodology that is independent of any Interface Control Document (ICD) of the particular constellation. Example 4 includes a hybrid methodology that combines the advantages of Examples 2 and 3, in particular.

For purposes of the present disclosure, the number of “>” symbols in Tables 1 through 10 indicates a hierarchical level of a field within the ASN.1 encoding.

The first example methodology is now described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, which illustrate Table 3 representing a modified RRLP position measure request message in accordance with example 1, according to one aspect of the present invention. FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate Table 4 representing a modified RRLP position measure response message in accordance with example 1, according to one aspect of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 6, the modified RRLP measure position request message includes in its top level a set of positioning instructions, GPS assistance data, a GPS time assistance measurement request, GPS reference time, and a velocity request. The set of positioning instructions includes a method type, such a mobile station-based and -assisted, positioning methods, response time, accuracy, and multiple sets. The positioning methods can include E-OTD, GPS or a combination thereof. The response time defines the time available for the mobile station to respond to the request message, and the accuracy defines the accuracy parameters of the request message. The multiple sets parameter indicates whether one or more than one measurement of the position is permitted and/or desired.

The GPS assistance data also includes a number of parameters, such as for example a reference time, a reference location, DGPS corrections, a navigation model, an ionospheric model, a UTC model, an almanac, acquisition assistance and real time integrity parameters. The reference time can include for example GPS-time of week (TOW), TOW-GSM time relationship and time recovery assistance. The reference location can include three-dimensional location with uncertainty. The DGPS corrections can include pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate corrections usable by the mobile station. The navigation model can include ephemeris and clock correction parameters, as well as certain bits of a GPS navigation message. The ionospheric model can include both alpha and beta ionospheric model parameters, and the UTC model can include GPS UTC model parameters. The almanac can include for example a GPS almanac or any other suitable almanac. The acquisition assistance can include reference time information, predicted code-phase as well as Doppler and search windows. The real time integrity parameter can include a signal or other indication of whether any satellites within the GNSS constellation are inoperable or unsuitable for the required measurements.

The GPS time assistance measurement request can include means, such as a warning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobile station is requested to report the GPS-GSM time relationship. The GPS reference time uncertainty is a measurement of the uncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship usable by the mobile station in reporting the GPS-GSM time relationship and in other measurements consistent with the present invention. The velocity request can include means, such as a warning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobile station is requested to provide a velocity estimate in addition to a location estimate.

In Example 1, new elements 60 are added to the present RRLP specification in order to make it compatible with the Galileo GNSS. One suitable additional element is the GNSS positioning methods, which can include for example a bit map indicating the allowed GNSS methods corresponding to an allowance of all GNSS positioning methods in the existing positioning methods information element (IE). For example, bit one of the bit map can include GPS methodologies, bit two can include Galileo methodologies, and bits three and above can be reserved for future GNSS methodologies. Accordingly, each of the new positioning methods, Galileo and future systems, can have its own IE.

Another suitable additional element is Galileo assistance data, which can also include Galileo reference time parameter, a reference location parameter, a Galileo differential correction parameter, a Galileo navigation model parameter, a Galileo ionospheric model, a Galileo UTC model, a Galileo almanac, a Galileo acquisition assistance parameter, a Galileo real-time integrity parameter and a GPS-Galileo time offset (GGTO) parameter.

The Galileo reference time parameter can include Galileo TOW and a TOW-GSM time relationship, as well as time recovery assistance parameters. The reference location parameter can include three-dimensional location data with uncertainty. The Galileo differential correction parameter can include pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate corrections for Galileo SVs. The Galileo navigation model can include ephemeris and clock correction parameters for the Galileo satellite constellation, as well as additional reserved bits for signal transmission/receipt. The Galileo ionospheric model can include parameters related to the ionospheric effects of transmission/receipt of signals by the Galileo constellation of satellites. Alternatively, the methodology of example one can use one or both of the Galileo or GPS ionospheric models. Similarly, the Galileo UTC model and almanac can contain parameters related to the Galileo GNSS. The Galileo acquisition assistance parameters can include Galileo reference time information, predicted code-phase and Doppler data related to Galileo-type signals. The Galileo real-time integrity can include information and/or warning signals related to the availability and/or operability of the Galileo satellites. The GGTO parameter can include one or more parameters for converting Galileo time to GPS time.

The new information elements 60 can also include a Galileo time assistance measurement request, such as for example a warning signal or flag to inform the mobile station if it is requested to report the Galileo-GSM time relationship. In the event that the mobile station receives requests for both GPS time assistance and Galileo time assistance, the mobile station can select which time assistance measurements to provide. Alternatively, the IEs for additional positioning methods and Galileo time assistance measurement requests can be combined into a single additional positioning instructions IE.

The new information elements 60 can also include a Galileo reference time uncertainty parameter, which includes data indicating the uncertainty in the relationship between Galileo and GSM time. Alternatively, the Galileo reference time uncertainty parameter can be included in the Galileo reference time and/or Galileo acquisition assistance parameters.

FIGS. 8 and 9 include Table 4, which illustrates modifications to a RRLP measure position response message in accordance with Example 1. As shown therein, the measure position response message includes a multiple sets parameter, a location information parameter, a GPS measurement information parameter, a location information error parameter, a GPS time assistance measurements parameter and a velocity estimate parameter.

The multiple sets parameter can include information as to the number of measurement sets sent by the mobile station, which can range between one and at least three sets per request. The location information parameter can include a reference frame number such as for example the serving BTS frame number. The location information parameter can also include a GPS TOW time stamp and a location estimate that can be provided with or without uncertainty measurements.

The GPS measurement information can include a frame number, such as the serving BTS frame number, as well as a GPS TOW. The GPS measurement information can also include one or more measurements and/or measurement parameters, including for example an SV identification, a C/N₁, (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a whole chip code phase measurement, a fractional chip code phase measurement, a multipath indicator and a root-mean-square (RMS) pseudo-range error measurement.

The measure position response message can also include a location information error parameter, which can include data, parameters and/or messages conveying an error in the location information due to various error reasons, including requests for additional assistance data. The measure position response message can also include a velocity estimate, with or without uncertainty values, for the mobile station.

The measure position response message can also include GPS time assistance measurement parameters. The GPS time assistance measurement parameters can include a most significant bit (MSB) of the reference frame value, which includes the MSB for a frame number in the location information parameter or GPS measurement information parameter, both of which are described above. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can also include a submillisecond GPS TOW portion of the GPS TOW, as well as a Delta TOW value indicating the millisecond difference between the reported GPS TOW and the SV time of the first reported satellite. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can further include a GPS reference time uncertainty, which can include any uncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship as measured.

The measure position response message of Example 1 also includes a plurality of new information elements 60, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. One suitable additional element is additional location information, which can include for example a new IE for the response message to differentiate it from the existing location information, which is stamped with the GPS TOW. The additional location information parameter can further include a reference frame number for the serving BTS frame number, as well as a Galileo TOW time stamp and a location estimate, with or without the associated uncertainty values.

Another suitable additional element is Galileo measurement information, which can be included with or without the GPS measurement information noted above. The Galileo measurement information can include a frame number, such as a serving BTS frame number. The frame number can be included in systems employing only a Galileo receiver or only Galileo-type measurements, but is not necessary in systems including GPS receivers and/or measurements as well. The Galileo measurement information can also include a Galileo TOW time stamp, which is of particular use for systems employing only a Galileo receiver and/or measurements. In systems having combined GPS-Galileo combined receivers and/or measurements, the method can alternatively use the GPS TOW measurement to time tag the Galileo code phase measurement. The Galileo measurement information can also include measurement parameters. In the event that the system is reporting GPS measurement information as well, then only the measurement parameters are needed to constitute the Galileo measurement information.

The Galileo measurement parameters can include one or more measurements and/or measurement parameters, including for example an SV identification, a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a Galileo whole chip code phase measurement, a Galileo fractional chip code phase measurement, a multipath indicator and a RMS pseudo-range error measurement.

The new information elements 60 can also include additional location information error, which can be for example additional Galileo-specific error codes such as a Galileo assistance data request. Another new information element 60 can include Galileo time assistance measurements, which includes the Galileo-GSM time relation, all of which can be included in the Galileo measurement information and additional location information parameters. The Galileo time assistance measurements can include a MSB of the reference frame value, which includes the MSB for a frame number in the location information parameter or Galileo measurement information parameter, both of which are described above. The Galileo time assistance measurements parameter can also include a submillisecond Galileo TOW portion of the Galileo TOW, as well as a Delta TOW value indicating the millisecond difference between the reported Galileo TOW and the SV time of the first reported satellite. The Galileo time assistance measurements parameter can further include a Galileo reference time uncertainty, which can include any uncertainty in the Galileo-GSM time relationship as measured.

The new information elements 60 of Example 1 described with reference to FIGS. 6 through 9 can be embodied for example in Release 7 extension containers. The methodology of Example 1 may be implemented within any system, mobile station or location server as described herein. Tables 3 and 4 should be understood to constitute only one suitable example implementation of the methodology of Example 1.

Another example methodology for modifying RRLP position measure request and response messages is found in FIGS. 10 through 13, which describe Example 2 noted above. FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate Table 5 representing a modified RRLP position measure request message in accordance with Example 2, according to one aspect of the present invention. FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate Table 6 representing a RRLP position measure response message in accordance with Example 2, according to one aspect of the present invention. In Example 2, a new location method “GNSS” is introduced, and GPS and/or Galileo specific information elements are encapsulated in GNSS information elements.

As shown in FIG. 10, the modified RRLP measure position request message of Example 2 includes in its top level a set of positioning instructions, GPS assistance data, a GPS time assistance measurement request, GPS reference time, and a velocity request. The set of positioning instructions includes a method type, such a mobile station-based and assisted, positioning methods, response time, accuracy, and multiple sets. The positioning methods can include E-OTD. GPS or a combination thereof. The response time defines the time available for the mobile station to respond to the request message, and the accuracy defines the accuracy parameters of the request message. The multiple sets parameter indicates whether one or more than one measurement of the position is permitted and/or desired.

The GPS assistance data also includes a number of parameters, such as for example a reference time, a reference location, DGPS corrections, a navigation model, an ionospheric model, a UTC model, an almanac, acquisition assistance and real time integrity parameters. The reference time can include for example GPS-time of week (TOW), TOW-GSM time relationship and time recovery assistance. The reference location can include three-dimensional location with uncertainty. The DGPS corrections can include pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate corrections usable by the mobile station. The navigation model can include ephemeris and clock correction parameters, as well as certain bits of a GPS navigation message. The ionospheric model can include both alpha and beta ionospheric model parameters, and the UTC model can include GPS UTC model parameters. The almanac can include for example a GPS almanac or any other suitable almanac. The acquisition assistance can include reference time information, predicted code-phase as well as Doppler and search windows. The real time integrity parameter can include a signal or other indication of whether any satellites within the GNSS constellation are inoperable or unsuitable for the required measurements.

The GPS time assistance measurement request can include means, such as a warning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobile station is requested to report the GPS-GSM time relationship. The GPS reference time uncertainty is a measurement of the uncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship usable by the mobile station in reporting the GPS-GSM time relationship and in other measurements consistent with the present invention. The velocity request can include means, such as a warning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobile station is requested to provide a velocity estimate in addition to a location estimate.

The modified RRLP measure position request message can also include additional information elements 60, shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. One suitable additional element is additional positioning methods, which can include for example GNSS or E-OTD/GNSS methods, each of which can have its own unique IE. In one alternative, the different GNSS positioning methods can be distinguished using a bit map indicating the allowed GNSS methods corresponding to an allowance of all GNSS positioning methods in the existing positioning methods information element (IE). For example, bit one of the bit map can include GPS methodologies, bit two can include Galileo methodologies, and bits three and above can be reserved for future GNSS methodologies.

Other suitable additional information elements 60 include GNSS assistance data, GNSS time assistance measurement request, and GNSS reference time uncertainty. The GNSS assistance data can include a reference location, such as a three-dimensional location with uncertainty values, independent of the constellation for which it is needed. The GNSS assistance data can further include, for each of the GPS and Galileo constellations, a constellation identification, a GNSS reference time, one or more GNSS differential corrections, a GNSS navigation model, a GNSS ionospheric model, a GNSS UTC model, a GNSS almanac, GNSS acquisition assistance and GNSS real time integrity.

The GNSS time assistance measurement request can include a method or means for indicating whether if the mobile station is requested to report the Galileo-GSM or GPS-GSM time relationship. Alternatively, the GNSS time assistance measurement request can be included in the Additional positioning methods in its own unique IE. The GNSS time assistance measurement request can also include a constellation identification parameter, which indicates whether GPS or Galileo time assistance measurements are required. Alternatively, the mobile station can be configured to determine which time, Galileo or GPS, to use.

The GNSS reference time uncertainty parameter can include means and/or methods for determining the uncertainty of the Galileo-GSM and/or GPS-GSM time relationship. Alternatively, the GNSS reference time uncertainty parameter can be included in the GNSS assistance data parameter, noted above. The GNSS reference time parameter can also include a constellation identification parameter, which identifies the constellation for which the reference time uncertainty is determined.

The modified RRLP measure position response message for Example 2 is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. As shown therein, the measure position response message includes a multiple sets parameter, a location information parameter, a GPS measurement information parameter, a location information error parameter, a GPS time assistance measurements parameter and a velocity estimate parameter.

The multiple sets parameter can include information as to the number of measurement sets sent by the mobile station, which can range between one and at least three sets per request. The location information parameter can include a reference frame number such as for example the serving BTS frame number. The location information parameter can also include a GPS TOW time stamp and a location estimate that can be provided with or without uncertainty measurements.

The GPS measurement information can include a frame number, such as the serving BTS frame number, as well as a GPS TOW. The GPS measurement information can also include one or more measurements and/or measurement parameters, including for example an SV identification, a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a whole chip code phase measurement, a fractional chip code phase measurement, a multipath indicator and a root-mean-square (RMS) pseudo-range error measurement.

The measure position response message can also include a location information error parameter, which can include data, parameters and/or messages conveying an error in the location information due to various error reasons, including requests for additional assistance data. The measure position response message can also include a velocity estimate, with or without uncertainty values, for the mobile station.

The measure position response message can also include GPS time assistance measurement parameters. The GPS time assistance measurement parameters can include a most significant bit (MSB) of the reference frame value, which includes the MSB for a frame number in the location information parameter or GPS measurement information parameter, both of which are described above. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can also include a submillisecond GPS TOW portion of the GPS TOW, as well as a Delta TOW value indicating the millisecond difference between the reported GPS TOW and the SV time of the first reported satellite. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can further include a GPS reference time uncertainty, which can include any uncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship as measured.

In Example 2, the RRLP measure position response message can include a plurality of additional information elements 60 depicted in FIGS. 12 and 13. One suitable additional information element is a GNSS location information protocol, which can include a combination of location estimate, with or without an uncertainty value, and time assistance information. Alternatively, the GNSS location information protocol can be introduced in distinct elements as is the case in some A-GPS standards. The GNSS location information can also include a reference frame number corresponding to the serving BTS frame number and a MSB of the reference frame number.

Another additional information element 60 can be a constellation identification, which identifies the constellation for which the time assistance measurement/location time stamp are given. As such, the constellation identification can further include a TOW time stamp, which can be combined into a submicrosecond TOW measurement. The constellation identification can also include a reference time uncertainty parameter that includes the uncertainty inherent in the time assistance measurement.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS measurement information parameter, which can be a combined measurement information and time assistance measurement parameter. Alternatively, the measurement information and time assistance measurement parameters of the GNSS measurement parameter can be introduced separately in a manner similar to the existing A-GPS standard. The GNSS measurement parameter can include for example a frame number, a MSB of the frame number and, for each constellation, a constellation identification, a TOW value, a delta TOW value, a reference time uncertainty and one or more measurement parameters. The one or more measurement parameters can include an SV identification, a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a whole chip code phase measurement, a fractional chip code phase measurement, a multipath indicator and a root-mean-square (RMS) pseudo-range error measurement.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS location information error parameter, which can include various error reasons and GNSS assistance data requests.

The modifications required according to Example 2 for the RRLP specification can be embodied in Release 7 extension containers. The methodology of Example 2 may be implemented in several ways, one example of which is the methodology described above. The methodology of Example 2 is particularly well suited in the event that common ASN.1 encoding is used for both GPS and Galileo.

The methodology of the present invention can also be performed in accordance with the protocols set forth in Example 3. Example 3 is similar to example 2 (i.e. a new positioning method “GNSS” is introduced), but the approach is kept generic in terms of structure as well as in terms of constellation data. Assistance data elements and measurement results will not be specific to any ICD.

Instead of using the satellite navigation data as such or re-using and expanding the A-GPS concept, the positioning assistance data are specifically generated for A-GNSS capable terminals. For example, a navigation model will be encoded independent of GPS or Galileo Ephemeris parameters, wherein any orbit model for medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites would suffice. Time is independent of GPS or Galileo time of week (TOW), e.g. universal time coordinate (UTC) could be used, etc.

In Example 3 there is no need to explicitly distinguish individual constellations. The different constellations still need to be distinguished somehow, since the GPS/Galileo receiver needs to be enabled to measure the UPS and Galileo specific signals. An example is outlined below in Tables 7 and 8, which are shown in FIGS. 14 through 16.

As shown in FIG. 14, the modified RRLP measure position request message includes in its top level a set of positioning instructions, a GPS time assistance measurement request, GPS reference time uncertainty, and a velocity request. The set of positioning instructions includes a method type, such a mobile station-based and assisted, positioning methods, response time, ionospheric model, UTC model, almanac, acquisition assistance and real-time integrity. The positioning methods can include E-OTD, GPS or a combination thereof. The response time defines the time available for the mobile station to respond to the request message. The GPS ionospheric model includes both alpha and beta parameters, and the UTC parameter includes the GPS UTC parameters. The acquisition assistance parameters can include reference time information, predicted code-phase, Doppler and search windows. As noted above, the real-time integrity parameter includes a warning or other signal as to the status of any inoperable or unavailable satellites.

The GPS time assistance measurement request can include a flag or other warning signal indicating whether or not the mobile station is requested to report the GPS-GSM time relationship. The GPS reference time uncertainty parameter can include a value of the uncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship. The velocity request can include another flag or other warning signal indicating whether or not the mobile station is requested to provide a velocity estimate in addition to a location estimate.

The RRLP measure position request message of Example 3 can also include a plurality of additional information elements 60. One suitable additional information element 60 is an additional positioning methods parameter, which can include other positioning methods such as GNSS, E-OTD or a combination thereof. In one variation of Example 3, the different positioning methods GNSS or E-OTD/GNSS methods, can have its own unique IE. Alternatively, the different GNSS positioning methods can be distinguished using a bit map indicating the allowed GNSS methods corresponding to an allowance of all GNSS positioning methods in the existing positioning methods information element (IE). For example, bit one of the bit map can include GPS methodologies, bit two can include Galileo methodologies, and bits three and above can be reserved for future GNSS methodologies.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS assistance data parameter. The GNSS assistance data parameter can include a reference location parameter for determining three-dimensional location with uncertainty and a reference time parameter for determining a relationship between two or more clocks, such as UTC and GSM. The GNSS assistance data parameter can also include a differential corrections parameter and a navigation model, wherein the navigation model is derived from any medium earth orbit (MEO) model. Additionally, the GNSS assistance data parameter can include an ionospheric model, a UTC model for transferring UTC parameters to one or both of a GPS or Galileo clock, and a MEO orbit model almanac. The GNSS assistance data parameter can also include an acquisition assistance value, which can be encoded in suitable physical units such as Hertz, meters, seconds, and the like, and a real time integrity parameter for determining the functionality of the satellites in the constellations.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS time assistance measurement request. The GNSS time assistance measurement request can include a flag or warning signal to indicate to the mobile station if it is requested to report the UTC-GSM time relationship. In one alternative, the GNSS time assistance measurement request can be embodied in the additional positioning methods parameter in an additional positioning instructions IE.

A RRLP measure position response message in accordance with Example 3 is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. As shown therein, the measure position response message includes a multiple sets parameter, a location information parameter, a UPS measurement information parameter, a location information error parameter, a GPS time assistance measurements parameter and a velocity estimate parameter.

The multiple sets parameter can include information as to the number of measurement sets sent by the mobile station, which can range between one and at least three sets per request. The location information parameter can include a reference frame number such as for example the serving BTS frame number. The location information parameter can also include a GPS TOW time stamp and a location estimate that can be provided with or without uncertainty measurements.

The GPS measurement information can include a frame number, such as the serving BTS frame number, as well as a GPS TOW. The GPS measurement information can also include one or more measurements and/or measurement parameters, including for example an SV identification, a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a whole chip code phase measurement, a fractional chip code phase measurement, a multipath indicator and a RMS pseudo-range error measurement.

The measure position response message can also include a location information error parameter, which can include data, parameters and/or messages conveying an error in the location information due to various error reasons, including requests for additional assistance data. The measure position response message can also include a velocity estimate, with or without uncertainty values, for the mobile station.

The measure position response message can also include GPS time assistance measurement parameters. The GPS time assistance measurement parameters can include a most significant bit (MSB) of the reference frame value, which includes the MSB for a frame number in the location information parameter or GPS measurement information parameter, both of which are described above. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can also include a submillisecond GPS TOW portion of the GPS TOW, as well as a Delta TOW value indicating the millisecond difference between the reported GPS TOW and the SV time of the first reported satellite. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can further include a GPS reference time uncertainty, which can include any uncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship as measured.

The RRLP measure position response message can also include a plurality of additional information elements 60, shown in FIG. 16. The additional information elements 60 can include a GNSS location parameter, a GNSS measurement information parameter, and a GNSS location information error parameter. The GNSS location parameter functions to combine location estimates and time assistance measurements. Alternatively, each of these values can be incorporated separately as in the current A-GPS standard. The GNSS location information parameter can include a reference frame number, such as the serving BTS frame number, and a UTC parameter that functions as a generic time stamp. The GNSS location information parameter can also include a reference time uncertainty parameter for valuing the uncertainty of the measured UTC-GSM time relationship and a locate on estimate parameter for valuing the location estimate with or without uncertainty.

The GNSS measurement information parameter also functions to combine location estimates and time assistance measurements. As before, each of these values can be incorporated separately as in the current A-GPS standard. The GNSS measurement information parameter can also include a UTC time stamp, a reference time uncertainty of the measured UTC-GSM time relationship and a plurality of measurement parameters. The plurality of measurement parameters can include for example an SV identification, which can be defined in 3GPP identifications, a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a pseudo-range value (e.g. in meters), a multipath indicator and a root-mean-square (RMS) pseudo-range error measurement.

Another additional information element 60 can include a GNSS location information error parameter, which can include various error reasons and GNSS assistance data requests.

Another alternative methodology of the present invention is described in Example 4, which is shown in FIGS. 17 through 20. Examples 2 and 3 described above introduce a generic “Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).” Example 3 has also the advantage that it is independent of a specific ICD; and therefore, future satellite systems would be supported with minimal or no changes required to the specification.

In Example 4, Galileo or any other GNSS system is added using the existing A-GPS information elements. Instead of defining either new Galileo (or other GNSS) specific information elements (e.g., examples 1 and 2) or new GNSS information elements (e.g., example 3), the existing A-GPS information elements are used also for Galileo satellite vehicles (SV) by introducing new Galileo specific SV-IDs. The existing SV-IDs 1-64 are used for GPS satellites only, and additional SV-IDs, e.g. 65-128 are reserved for Galileo. Sufficient additional SV-IDs are defined to enable future satellite navigation systems being added easily.

Galileo and envisioned future information elements may be converted to meters, seconds, radians, Hz, etc, which in turn can be converted to the existing GPS units and formats. Since the existing GPS information element parameters have adequate range to cover any comparable satellite systems, such conversions are possible.

Time dependent assistance data for the new Galileo SV-IDs can either be translated to GPS time, or can use Galileo time together with conversion parameters GPS to Galileo time offset (GGTO). Either the location server or MS can perform the conversion to a common GPS time frame. The methodology of Example 4 does not require a third time scale, such as UTC, since any navigation time frame can be translated to UTC and in turn to GPS time.

Since the existing SV-ID in ASN.1 is not extensible, a new “additional SV-ID” can be defined, covering IDs up to e.g., 255 (or 511 or 1023), which allows future GNSSs or augmentation systems to be added. All existing GPS assistance data which are SV dependent are defined in an “Additional Assistance Data” IE applicable for SV-IDs greater than 64. The encoding of the “Additional Assistance Data” IE is exactly the same as the current Assistance Data IEs for GPS. Hence, the impact on existing protocols and implementations is minimal, but the approach is still generic.

As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the RRLP measure position request message in Example 4 can include in its top level a set of positioning instructions, GPS assistance data, GPS time assistance data, GPS reference time uncertainty, and a velocity request. The set of positioning instructions includes a method type, such a mobile station-based and -assisted, positioning methods, response time, accuracy, and multiple sets. The positioning methods can include E-OTD, GPS or a combination thereof. The response time defines the time available for the mobile station to respond to the request message, and the accuracy defines the accuracy parameters of the request message. The multiple sets parameter indicates whether one or more than one measurement of the position is permitted and/or desired.

The GPS assistance data also includes a number of parameters, such as for example a reference time, a reference location, DGPS corrections, a navigation model, an ionospheric model, a UTC model, an almanac, acquisition assistance and real time integrity parameters that can be incorporated in existing A-GPS methods. The reference time can include for example UPS-time of week (TOW), TOW-GSM time relationship and time recovery assistance. The reference location can include three-dimensional location with uncertainty. The DGPS corrections can include pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate corrections usable by the mobile station for GPS SV 1-64. The navigation model can include ephemeris and clock correction parameters, as well as certain bits of a GPS navigation message for GPS SV 1-64. The ionospheric model can include both alpha and beta ionospheric model parameters, and the UTC model can include GPS UTC model parameters. The almanac can include for example a GPS almanac or any other suitable almanac for GPS SV 1-64. The acquisition assistance can include reference time information, predicted code-phase as well as Doppler and search windows for GPS SV 1-64. The real time integrity parameter can include a signal or other indication of whether any satellites within the GPS constellation 1-64 are inoperable or unsuitable for the required measurements.

The GPS time assistance measurement request can include means, such as a warning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobile station is requested to report the GPS-GSM time relationship. The GPS reference time uncertainty is a measurement of the uncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship usable by the mobile station in reporting the GPS-GSM time relationship and in other measurements consistent with the present invention. The velocity request can include means, such as a warning signal or other indication as to whether or not the mobile station is requested to provide a velocity estimate in addition to a location estimate.

In Example 4, the RRLP measure position request message can include additional information elements 60 as shown in FIG. 18. The additional information elements 60 can include an additional positioning methods parameter, which can include for example a bit map indicating the allowed GNSS methods corresponding to an allowance of all GNSS positioning methods in the existing positioning methods information element (IE). For example, bit one of the bit map can include UPS methodologies, bit two can include Galileo methodologies, and bits three and above can be reserved for future GNSS methodologies. Accordingly, each of the new positioning methods, Galileo and future systems, can have its own IE.

The additional information elements 60 can further include an additional assistance data parameter, which can include additional differential corrections, an additional navigation model, an additional almanac, an additional acquisition assistance parameter, an additional real-time integrity parameter, and a GGTO parameter. The additional differential corrections can include pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate corrections for additional SVs, i.e. Galileo SVs. The additional differential corrections can be coded in the same manner as in the GPS GNSS, for example by using GPS TOW as the reference time. The additional navigation model can include ephemeris and clock correction parameters for the additional SVs. The clock correction parameters can be constellation time relative to GGTO, i.e. Galileo to GGTO, or GPS time specific in cases in which GGTO is used at the location server.

The additional almanac can include additional almanac parameters that are encoded in the same manner as for the GPS GNSS. Similarly, the additional acquisition assistance can include reference time information, predicted code phase and Doppler values. The additional acquisition assistance can be encoded in the same manner as GPS values, for example with ranges expressed in GPS CA-code phase, integer code phase, bit number, and the like. The real time integrity parameter can include a means or method for notifying the mobile station as to whether any of the additional SVs are inoperable or otherwise unsuitable for use. The GGTO parameter can include a set of parameters for converting Galileo time to GPS time, which can be advantageous if the location server is not operating a GGTO with respect to GPS time.

A RRLP measure position response message in accordance with Example 4 is shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. As shown therein, the measure position response message includes a multiple sets parameter, a location information parameter, a GPS measurement information parameter, a location information error parameter, a GPS time assistance measurements parameter and a velocity estimate parameter.

The multiple sets parameter can include information as to the number of measurement sets sent by the mobile station, which can range between one and at least three sets per request. The location information parameter can include a reference frame number such as for example the serving BTS frame number. The location information parameter can also include a GPS TOW time stamp and a location estimate that can be provided with or without uncertainty measurements.

The GPS measurement information can include a frame number, such as the serving BTS frame number, as well as a GPS TOW. The GPS measurement information can also include one or more measurements and/or measurement parameters, including for example an SV identification for SVs 1-64, a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a whole chip code phase measurement, a fractional chip code phase measurement, a multipath indicator and a RMS pseudo-range error measurement.

The measure position response message can also include a location information error parameter, which can include data, parameters and/or messages conveying an error in the location information due to various error reasons, including requests for additional assistance data. The measure position response message can also include a velocity estimate, with or without uncertainty values, for the mobile station.

The measure position response message can also include GPS time assistance measurement parameters. The GPS time assistance measurement parameters can include a most significant bit (MSB) of the reference frame value, which includes the MSB for a frame number in the location information parameter or GPS measurement information parameter, both of which are described above. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can also include a submillisecond GPS TOW portion of the GPS TOW, as well as a Delta TOW value indicating the millisecond difference between the reported GPS TOW and the SV time of the first reported satellite. The GPS time assistance measurements parameter can further include a GPS reference time uncertainty, which can include any uncertainty in the GPS-GSM time relationship as measured.

The RRLP measure position response message of Example 4 can also include a plurality of additional information elements 60, such as for example additional measurement information for the additional SVs. The additional measurement information can include a frame number, such as a serving BTS frame number, which can be included in response to there being no measurements reported for GPS SVs 1-64. The additional information can also include a GPS TOW time stamp, which can also be included in response to there being no measurements reported for GPS SVs 1-64.

The additional measurement information can also include a plurality of measurement parameter, including for example an SV identification for SVs 65 and higher (i.e. Galileo SVs), a C/N_(o) (signal velocity/index of refraction) value, a Doppler value, a whole chip code phase measurement of C/A-code chips, a fractional chip code phase measurement of C/A-code chips, a multipath indicator and a RMS pseudo-range error measurement. To the extent that any constellation specific code phase measurements are used, they can be converted to C/A-code GPS chips in accordance with the methodology of Example 4.

The methodology of Example 4 can be implemented in a number of ways in addition to those described above. Some new ASN.1 coding may be avoided by specifying rules for creating RRLP segments. For example, a new constellation ID parameter (or possibly an SV ID increment) can be included in any RRLP component that contains constellation specific data. Data for more than one constellation would then not be included in the same RRLP component. This would enable re-use of existing GPS ASN.1 parameters for any constellation, and avoid defining new ASN.1 parameters for any additional constellations.

The system, elements, and/or processes contained herein may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both, and may include one or more processors. A processor is a device and/or set of machine-readable instructions for performing task. A processor may be any device, capable of executing a series of instructions embodying a process, including but not limited to a computer, a microprocessor, a controller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), finite state machine, digital signal processor (DSP), or some other mechanism. The processor includes any combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software. The processor acts upon stored and/or received information by computing, manipulating, analyzing, modifying, converting, or transmitting information for use by an executable application or procedure or an information device, and/or by routing the information to an output device.

An executable application comprises machine code or machine readable instruction for implementing predetermined functions including, for example, those of an operating system, a software application program, or other information processing system, for example, in response user command or input.

An executable procedure is a segment of code (i.e., machine readable instruction), sub-routine, or other distinct section of code or portion of an executable application for performing one or more particular processes, and may include performing operations on received input parameters (or in response to received input parameters) and providing resulting output parameters.

In various embodiments, hardwired circuitry may be used in combination with software instructions to implement the present invention. Thus, the techniques are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software, or to any particular source for the instructions executed by the data processing system. In addition, throughout this description, various functions and operations are described as being performed by or caused by software code to simplify description. However, those skilled in the art will recognize what is meant by such expressions is that the functions result from execution of the code by a processor.

It will be apparent from this description that aspects of the present invention may be embodied, at least in part, in software. That is, the techniques may be carried out in a computer system or other data processing system in response to its processor executing sequences of instructions contained in a machine-readable medium.

A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism that provides (i.e., stores and/or transmits) information in a form accessible by a machine (e.g., a computer, network device, personal digital assistant, computer data processor, manufacturing tool, any device with a set of one or more processors, etc.). A machine-readable medium can be used to store software and data which, when executed by a data processing system, causes the system to perform various methods of the present invention. Portions of this executable software and/or data may be stored in various places.

For example, a machine-readable medium includes recordable/non-recordable media (e.g., read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, non-volatile memory, cache, remote storage device, etc.), as well as electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.), etc.

The present invention has been described above with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will be evident that various modifications may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense. 

1. A method of communication between a location server and a mobile station, comprising: transmitting a measure position request message from the location server to the mobile station, wherein the measure position request message comprises: (a) first method information representing positioning methods for a first navigation satellite system (NSS); (b) second method information representing positioning, methods for a second NSS and corresponding to the positioning methods for the first NSS; (c) first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS; and (d) second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS, and corresponding to the assistance data for the first NSS.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS and the second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS, further comprises at least one of the following elements: a differential correction, a navigation model, an almanac, acquisition assistance, or real-time integrity information.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS and the second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS, further comprises a GPS-Galileo time offset (GGTO).
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the GGTO is included in the first assistance information and the second assistance information in response to the location server maintaining a Galileo system time distinct from a GPS system time.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first method information representing positioning methods for the first NSS comprises positioning methods of a global position satellite (GPS) system, and wherein the second method information representing positioning methods for the second NSS comprises positioning methods of a Galileo satellite system.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: calculating a time offset representing a conversion from time dependent assistance data for the first NSS to time dependent assistance data for the second NSS.
 7. A location server comprising: means for receiving a first signal from a first SV and a second signal from a second SV, wherein the first SV comprises a first navigation satellite system (NSS) defining a first set of positioning methods and the second SV comprises a second NSS defining a second set of positioning methods; a processor connected to the means for receiving the first and second signals, the processor adapted to formulate a measure position request message in response to the first set of positioning methods and the second set of positioning methods; and means for transmitting the measure position request message to a mobile station, wherein the measure position request message comprises: first method information representing positioning methods for the first NSS; second method information representing positioning methods for the second NSS and corresponding to the positioning methods for the first NSS; first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS; and second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS and corresponding to the assistance data for the first NSS.
 8. The location server of claim 7, wherein each of the first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS and the second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS, further comprises at least one of the following elements: a differential correction, navigation model, an almanac, acquisition assistance, or real-time integrity information.
 9. The location server of claim 7, wherein each of the first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS and the second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS, further comprises a GPS-Galileo time offset (GGTO).
 10. The location server of claim 9, wherein the GGTO is included in the first assistance information and the second assistance information in response to the location server maintaining a Galileo system time distinct from a GPS system time.
 11. The location server of claim 7, wherein the first method information representing positioning methods for the first NSS comprises positioning methods of a global position satellite (GPS) system, and wherein the second method information representing positioning methods for the second. NSS comprises positioning methods of a Galileo satellite system.
 12. The location server of claim 7, wherein the processor is further adapted to calculate a time offset representing a conversion from time dependent assistance data for the first NSS to, time dependent assistance data for the second NSS.
 13. A computer program product, comprising: a computer-readable medium comprising: code to cause at least a location server to compile a measure position request message, wherein the measure position request message comprises first, method information representing, positioning methods for a first navigation satellite system (NSS); second method information representing positioning methods for a second NSS and corresponding to the positioning methods for the first NSS; first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS; and second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS and corresponding to the assistance data for the first NSS; and code to cause at least the location server to transmit the measure position request message to a mobile station.
 14. The product of claim 13, wherein each of the first assistance information representing assistance, data for the first NSS and the second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS, further comprises at least one of the following elements: a differential correction, a navigation model, an almanac, acquisition assistance, or real-time integrity information.
 15. The product of claim 13, wherein each of the first assistance, information representing assistance data for the first NSS the second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS, further comprises a GPS Galileo time offset-(GGTO).
 16. The product of claim 15, wherein the GGTO is included in the first assistance information and the second assistance information in response to the location server-maintaining a Galileo system time distinct from a GPS system time.
 17. The product of claim 13, wherein the first method information representing positioning methods for the first NSS comprises positioning methods of a global position satellite (GPS) system, and wherein the second method information, representing positioning methods for the second NSS comprises positioning methods of a Galileo satellite system.
 18. The product of claim 13, wherein the computer-readable medium further comprises code for causing at least the location server to calculate a time offset representing a conversion from time dependent assistance, data for the first NSS to time dependent assistance data for the second NSS.
 19. A location server comprising a receiver for receiving a first signal from a first SV and a second signal from a second SV, wherein the first SV comprises a first navigation satellite, system (NSS) defining a first set of positioning methods and the second SV comprises a second NSS defining a second set of positioning methods; a processor for receiving the first and second signals, the processor adapted to formulate a measure position request message in response to the first set of positioning methods and the second set of positioning methods; and a transmitter for transmitting the measure position request message to a mobile station, wherein: the measure position request message comprises: first method information representing positioning methods for the first NSS; second method information representing positioning methods for the second NSS and corresponding to the positioning methods for the first NSS; first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS; and second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS and corresponding to the assistance data for the first NSS.
 20. The location server of claim 19, wherein each of the first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS and the second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS, further comprises at least one of the following elements: a differential correction, a navigation model, an almanac, acquisition assistance, or real-time integrity information.
 21. The location server of claim 19, wherein each of the first assistance information representing assistance data for the first NSS and the second assistance information representing assistance data for the second NSS, further comprises a GPS-Galileo time offset (GGTO). 